Flexible substrate for routing fibers in an optical transceiver

ABSTRACT

An optical transceiver for converting and coupling an information-containing electrical signal with an optical fiber including a housing, an electro-optical subassembly in the housing for converting between an information-containing electrical signal and a modulated optical signal corresponding to the electrical signal from which at least two optical fibers extends; and a flexible substrate for securing each of the optical fibers to prevent tangling in the housing interior and to enable said fibers to bend from a first orientation to a second orientation. An optical fiber receptacle or connector is provided on the housing to couple to an external optical fiber.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is related to copending U.S. patent application Ser.No. 10/879,775 filed Jun. 28, 2004, assigned to the common assignee.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates to optical transceivers, and in particular tocoupling assemblies or modules that provide a communications interfacebetween a computer or communications unit having an electricalinput/output connector or interface and an optical fiber, such as usedin fiber optic communications links.

2. Description of the Related Art

A variety of optical transceivers are known in the art which include anoptical transmit portion that converts an electrical signal into amodulated light beam that is coupled to an optical fiber, and a receiveportion that receives an optical signal from an optical fiber andconverts it into an electrical signal. In a high-speed unit, opticaltransmitter subassemblies include several lasers operating at differentwavelengths and modulated with respective electrical signals foremitting a plurality of laser light beams. There beams are coupled intoa plurality of optical fibers, which converge in an optical multiplexerfor receiving the beams and multiplexing the respective optical signalsinto a single multi-wavelength beam that is coupled to a fiber opticconnector for transmitting the optical signal to an external opticalfiber.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

1. Objects of the Invention

It is an object of the present to provide an improved opticaltransceiver using a flexible substrate to route and secure opticalfibers from a transmitter subassembly.

It is also an object of the present to provide an improved opticaltransceiver using a flexible substrate to route and secure opticalfibers from a subassembly.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a fused biconictapered (FBT) coupler or similar multiplexing device mounted on aflexible substrate for use in a multi-laser optical transmissionsubassembly.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide anoptical transceiver for use in an optical transmission system with anindustry standard XENPAK housing and including a flexible substratetherein for routing optical fibers.

2. Features of the Invention

Briefly, and in general terms, the invention provides an opticaltransceiver for converting and coupling an information-containingelectrical signal with an optical fiber, including a housing andelectro-optical subassembly in the housing for converting between aninformation-containing electrical signal and a modulated optical signalcorresponding to the electrical signal from which at least two opticalfibers extend; and a flexible substrate for securing each of saidoptical fibers to prevent tangling or breakage during manufacturing andassembly and to enable said fibers to bend from a first orientation to asecond orientation.

In another aspect of the invention, there is provided an opticaltransceiver including an optical multiplexer mounted on a flexiblesubstrate for receiving at least first and second optical fibers andmultiplexing the respective optical signals on the optical fibers into asingle multi-wavelength beam in a single third optical fiber.

Additional objects, advantages, and novel features of the presentinvention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from thisdisclosure, including the following detailed description as well as bypractice of the invention. While the invention is described below withreference to preferred embodiments, it should be understood that theinvention is not limited thereto. Those of ordinary skill in the arthaving access to the teachings herein will recognize additionalapplications, modifications and embodiments in other fields, which arewithin the scope of the invention as disclosed and claimed herein andwith respect to which the invention could be of utility.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features and advantages of this invention will be betterunderstood and more fully appreciated by reference to the followingdetailed description when considered in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an optical transceiver in anexemplary embodiment in accordance with aspects of the presentinvention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the flexible substrate for securing the opticalfibers; and

FIG. 3 is a rear view of the flexible substrate of FIG. 2.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Details of the present invention will now be described, includingexemplary aspects and embodiments thereof. Referring to the drawings andthe following description, like reference numbers are used to identifylike or functionally similar elements, and are intended to illustratemajor features of exemplary embodiments in a highly simplifieddiagrammatic manner. Moreover, the drawings are not intended to depictevery feature of actual embodiments or the relative dimensions of thedepicted elements, and are not drawn to scale.

Referring more particularly to FIG. 1, there is provided an opticaltransceiver 100 for operating over both multimode (MM) and single mode(SM) fiber using multiple laser light sources, multiple photodetectors,and an optical multiplexing and demultiplexing system. This enables asingle transceiver module to communicate over multiple protocols and atmaximum distance goals. The transceiver 100 and its housing 102 aredesigned such that maximum operating efficiency is achieved costeffectively and at reduced electromagnetic interference (EMI) andthermal levels in an industry standard form factor or package design.

Advantageously, the transceiver 100 is manufactured in a modular mannerpreferably using three separately mounted circuit boards mounted in thehousing—a transmitter subassembly, a receiver subassembly, and aprotocol processing board, with each board having dedicated functionsand electrically connected to each other using either flex circuitry,mating multipin connectors, land grid arrays, or other electricalinterconnect devices. This enables the basic transceiver module to beconfigured to different protocols and to support differentoptoelectronic devices using a simple subassembly configuration change,thus minimizing manufacturing costs and eliminating the need formanufacturing different transceivers for each different application. Inaddition, the use of flex circuitry or detachable connectors tointerconnect the boards allows for a modular interchangeable boarddesign (e.g., receiver, transmitter and PCS functionality each onseparate boards). Although the preferred design uses three boards, anytwo of the functions may be combined on a single board for an even morecompact design.

The modularity of the board design also enables the placement ofheat-sensitive components in the optimal location with respect to theheat-generating components (lasers and ICs) within the module housing102. It also makes it convenient and realistic to test and troubleshootseparate modular subassemblies independently before final assembly. Inaddition, the flex or other interconnects allow for manufacturing of thevarious boards (RX, TX, PCS) to proceed in parallel instead of inserial, hence reducing the manufacturing time for the entire unit.

Referring now to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, an exemplary optical transceivermodule 100 is shown according to a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention. In this particular embodiment, the module 100 is compliantwith the IEEE 802.3ae 10GBASE-LX4 Physical Media Dependent sub-layer(PMD) standard and the XENPAK™ form factor. It is to be noted, however,that the transceiver module 100 may be configured to operate undervarious other compliant protocols (such a Fibre Channel or SONET) and bemanufactured in various alternate form factors such as X2. The module100 is preferably a 10 Gigabit Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexed(CWDM) transceiver having four 3.125 Gbps distributed feedback lasersand provides 300 meter transmission over legacy installed multimodefiber and from 10 to 40 km over standard single mode fiber.

The transceiver module 100 includes a two-piece housing 102 with a base104 and a cover 106. In addition, contact strips 152 are provided toground the module to chassis ground as well. The housing 102 isconstructed of die-cast or milled metal, preferably die-cast zinc,although other materials also may be used, such as specialty plasticsand the like. Preferably, the particular material used in the housingconstruction assists in reducing EMI. Further EMI reduction may beachieved by using castellations (not shown) formed along the edges ofthe housing 102.

The front end of the housing 102 includes a faceplate 152 for securing apair of receptacles 124, 126. The receptacles 124, 126 are configured toreceive fiber optic connector plugs 128, 130. In the preferredembodiment, the connector receptacles 128, 130 are configured to receiveindustry standard SC duplex connectors (not shown). As such, keyingchannels 132 and 134 are provided to ensure that the SC connectors areinserted in their correct orientation. Further, as shown in theexemplary embodiment and discussed further herein, the connectorreceptacle 130 receives an SC transmitting connector and the connectorplug 128 receives an SC receiver connector.

In particular, the housing 102 holds three circuit boards, including atransmit board 108, a receive board 110 and a physical coding sublayer(PCS)/physical medium attachment (PMA) board 112, which is used toprovide an electrical interface to external electrical systems (notshown). An optical multiplexer (MUX) 114 interfaces to the transmitboard 108 via an assembly of four distributed feedback (DFB) lasers 116in TO-cans. The lasers 116 are secured in place at the bottom of thehousing 104 using a laser brace 118. The laser brace 118 also functionsas a heat sink for cooling the lasers 116. In addition, the transmitboard 108 and receive board 110 are connected to the PCS/PMA board 112by respective flex interconnect 120, or other board-to-board connectors.Thermally conductive gap pads 160 and 161 are provided to transmit theheat generated by the lasers or other components to the base 104 orcover 106 of the housing, which acts as a heat sink. The receiversubassembly 110 is directly mounted on the housing base 104 using athermally conductive adhesive to achieve heat dissipation. Differentsubassemblies therefore dissipate heat to different portions of thehousing for more uniform heat dissipation. As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and2, the output of the four lasers 116 is then input into the optical MUX114. The MUX 114 is mounted on a flexible substrate 140. The substrate140 may be an optical flexible planar material, such as FlexPlane™available from Molex, Inc. of Lisle, Ill., although other flexiblesubstrate may be used as well. As shown, the optical fibers 117 a, 117b, 117 c, 117 d originating from the laser assembly 116 and being inputinto the MUX 114 are mounted to the substrate 140. The output of the MUX114, which is routed to the transmit connector plug 130, is alsoattached to the substrate 140. The fibers 117 a, 117 b, 117 c, 117 d arerouted and attached in such a manner as to minimize sharp bends in theoptical fibers to avoid optical loss and mechanical failure.

The substrate 140 includes an opening 142 or hole in a portion of thematerial that is located directly above the retimer IC or other heatgenerating components mounted on the PCS/PMA board 112. The opening 142,which is substantially an area the size of the unused portion of thesubstrate 140, enables the heat sink on the cover to contact a heattransmission gap pad 160, so as to provide access to the mountedcomponents on the board. This area normally would be inaccessible if notfor the opening 142. For example, a heat sink may be installed in theClock and Data Recovery components (not shown) without interfering withthe routing of the optical fibers on the substrate 140 and withoutremoving the mounted substrate 140 to allow access to the PCS/PMA board112.

Several additional advantages are realized in using the flexiblesubstrate 140. In particular, attaching the fibers to the substrate 140,rather than allowing the fibers to move about freely within thetransceiver module housing 102, neatly maintains the routing of theoptical fibers to prevent unwanted tangling and breakage during assemblyof the transceiver. Furthermore, attaching the optical fibers to thesubstrate 140 greatly reduces the stress on the fibers, thereby reducingthe incidence of microcracks forming in the fiber coatings.

The present invention implements the transceiver 100 utilizing the fourstandard, commercially available fiber pigtailed lasers 116 whichinterface to a Fused Biconic Tapered (FBT) coupler 114 to collect andmultiplex laser radiation into a single fiber. Although a FBT ispreferred, an arrayed waveguide grating, multimode interference coupler,or combination of spatially fixed optical elements such a lens, opticalinterference filters, diffractive optical elements, dielectric ormetallic mirrors, or other optical components, may be used as well. Thefiber that is used in the fiber pigtailed lasers 116 and the FBT 114 isaffixed to the flexible substrate material 140. This prevents fibertangling and breakage while remaining flexible and therefore easy towork with. The flexible substrate material 140 may be an opticalflexible planar material, such as FlexPlane™ available from Molex, Inc,of Lisle, Ill., or Kapton™ available from E.I. Dupont de Nemours andCompany of Wilmington Del. Other flexible substrates may be used aswell. A conforming coating is used over the entire flex 140 is used tosecure the fibers to the flex 140.

As previously noted above, several additional advantages are realizedwhen using the flexible substrates 140 rather than allowing the fibersto move about freely within the transceiver module housing 102.Furthermore, attaching the optical fibers to the substrate 140 greatlyreduces the stress on the fibers, thereby reducing the incidence ofmicrocracks forming in the fibers. The fibers are routed and attached insuch a manner as to minimize sharp bends.

It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or twoor more together, also may find a useful application in other types ofconstructions differing from the types described above.

While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in atransceiver for an optical communications network, it is not intended tobe limited to the details shown, since various modifications andstructural changes may be made without departing in any way from thespirit of the present invention.

Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist ofthe present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge,readily adapt it for various applications without omitting featuresthat, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essentialcharacteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this inventionand, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to becomprehended within the meaning and range of equivalence of thefollowing claims.

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 15. An opticaltransceiver module for converting between an information-containingelectrical signal and a modulated optical signal over an at least oneoptical fiber comprising: a support disposed in the module; and aflexible substrate for securing said optical fiber to said support toenable said fiber to bend from a first direction to a second oppositedirection inside said module.
 16. The transceiver as defined in claim15, further comprising an optical multiplexer mounted on said flexiblesubstrate for receiving first and second optical fibers and multiplexingthe respective optical signals on said optical fibers into a singlemulti-wavelength beam onto a single third optical fiber.
 17. Atransceiver as defined in claim 16, further comprising anelectro-optical subassembly including first and second lasers operatingat different wavelengths and modulated with respective first and secondelectrical signals for emitting first and second laser light beamscoupled to said first and second optical fiber respectively.
 18. Anoptical transceiver as defined in claim 16, wherein said opticalmultiplexer is a fused biconic tapered coupler.
 19. An opticaltransceiver as defined in claim 15, further comprising: a housing; afiber optic connector in the housing for transmitting and/or receivingan optical communications signal from an external optical fiber.
 20. Anoptical transceiver as defined in claim 19, further comprising anelectro-optical subassembly including a plurality of lasers forconverting between an information-containing electrical signal and amodulated optical signal corresponding to the electrical signal fromwhich at least two optical fibers extend in a first direction and engagesaid flexible substrate to prevent tangling.
 21. A transceiver asdefined in claim 20, further comprising a third optical fiber coupledwith said fiber optic connector and secured to said flexible substrateas said third fiber extends along a first direction.
 22. A transceiveras defined in claim 15, wherein said substrate is composed of a Kapton™film.
 23. A transceiver as defined in claim 15, wherein said at leastone optical fiber is secured to said substrate by conforming coating onsaid substrate.
 24. A transceiver as defined in claim 16, furthercomprising an optical element mounted on said substrate and coupling atleast two of said fibers.
 25. A transceiver as defined in claim 24,wherein said optical element is on an FBT, an arrayed waveguide grating,an array of dielectric mirrors, or an optical multimode interferencecoupler.
 26. An optical transceiver for converting between aninformation-containing electrical signal and a modulated optical signalcomprising: a housing; a fiber optic connector in the housing fortransmitting and/or receiving an optical communications signal from anexternal optical fiber, including a first optical fiber extending insidethe housing; and a flexible substrate for securing said optical fiber toenable said fiber to bend from a first orientation corresponding to theaxis of said fiber optic connector to a second orientation.
 27. Thetransceiver as defined in claim 26, further comprising an opticalmultiplexer mounted on said flexible substrate for receiving second andthird optical fibers and multiplexing the respective optical signals onsaid optical fibers into a single multi-wavelength beam onto the firstoptical fiber.
 28. A transceiver as defined in claim 27, furthercomprising an electro-optical subassembly including first and secondlasers operating at different wavelengths and modulated with respectivefirst and second electrical signals for emitting first and second laserlight beams coupled to said second and third optical fiber respectively.29. An optical transceiver as defined in claim 27, wherein said opticalmultiplexer is a fused biconic tapered coupler.
 30. An opticaltransceiver as defined in claim 26, further comprising anelectro-optical subassembly including a plurality of lasers forconverting between an information-containing electrical signal and amodulated optical signal corresponding to the electrical signal fromwhich at least two optical fibers extend in a first direction and engagesaid flexible substrate to prevent tangling.
 31. A transceiver asdefined in claim 30, further comprising a third optical fiber coupledwith said fiber optic connector and secured to said flexible substrateas said third fiber extends along a first direction.
 32. A transceiveras defined in claim 26, wherein said substrate is composed of a Kapton™film.
 33. A transceiver as defined in claim 26, wherein said firstoptical fiber is secured to said substrate by conforming coating on saidsubstrate.
 34. A transceiver as defined in claim 27, further comprisingan optical element mounted on said substrate and coupling at least twoof said fibers.
 35. A transceiver as defined in claim 34, wherein saidoptical element is on an FBT, an arrayed waveguide grating, an array ofdielectric mirrors, or an optical multimode interference coupler.
 36. Anoptical transceiver for converting between an information-containingelectrical signal and a modulated optical signal comprising: a housing;a first fiber optic connector on the housing for transmitting an opticalcommunications signal to an external optical fiber, including a firstoptical fiber extending inside the housing; a second fiber opticconnector on the housing for receiving an optical communication signalfrom an external optical fiber, including a second optical fiberextending inside the housing; and a flexible substrate for securing saidfirst and second optical fibers to enable said fibers to bend from afirst direction to a second opposite direction inside said housing andinterface with an electro-optical component inside said housing
 37. Thetransceiver as defined in claim 36, further comprising an opticalmultiplexer mounted on said flexible substrate for receiving said firstand a third optical fibers and multiplexing the respective opticalsignals on said optical fibers into a single multi-wavelength beam ontothe first optical fiber.
 38. A transceiver as defined in claim 37,further comprising an electro-optical subassembly including first andsecond lasers operating at different wavelengths and modulated withrespective first and second electrical signals for emitting first andsecond laser light beams coupled to said first and third optical fiberrespectively.
 39. An optical transceiver as defined in claim 37, whereinsaid optical multiplexer is a fused biconic tapered coupler.
 40. Anoptical transceiver as defined in claim 36, further comprising anelectro-optical subassembly including a plurality of lasers forconverting between an information-containing electrical signal and amodulated optical signal corresponding to the electrical signal fromwhich at least two optical fibers extend in a first direction and engagesaid flexible substrate to prevent tangling.
 41. A transceiver asdefined in claim 36, wherein said substrate is composed of a Kapton™film.
 42. A transceiver as defined in claim 36, wherein said first andsecond optical fibers are secured to said substrate by conformingcoating on said substrate.
 43. A transceiver as defined in claim 37,further comprising an optical element mounted on said substrate andcoupling at least two of said fibers.
 44. A transceiver as defined inclaim 43, wherein said optical element is on an FBT, an arrayedwaveguide grating, an array of dielectric mirrors, or an opticalmultimode interference coupler.